Japanese politics refers to the political system, processes, and institutions of Japan. It is characterized by a parliamentary structure with a constitutional monarchy, where the Emperor serves as a ceremonial figurehead and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The primary legislative body is the National Diet, which consists of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors.
Japanese politics is marked by its multi-party system, with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) being historically dominant. Political parties in Japan often form coalitions to govern effectively. Key issues in Japanese politics include economic policy, national security, social welfare, and foreign relations, particularly concerning interactions with neighboring countries and the United States.
The political landscape is also influenced by various interest groups, lobbyists, and bureaucratic entities, which play significant roles in shaping policy and governance. Voter participation has fluctuated over the years, and public sentiment can impact political dynamics, especially regarding issues like aging population, economic stagnation, and response to natural disasters.
Overall, Japanese politics is a complex interplay of democratic principles, historical context, and contemporary challenges that define the governance of the nation.